Learning Exercise 1 ==================== Assigning SAL Codes to Nouns ---------------------------- This learning exercise assumes that you as yet know very little about SAL noun coding. It's designed to let you learn SAL coding inductively. If you complete this exercise and the ones that follow successfully, you will be ready to proceed to the section called "Test Your Knowledge." If you do well on those tests, you may consider yourself a qualified SAL coder! This exercise introduces you to each of the SAL Noun Supersets, one by one, via a series of tables. Each table presents a group of nouns all belonging to the same Superset. However, the SAL set and subset codes for these nouns, and the mnemonic which expresses them, are not shown. These are for you to supply. But your task is made easy for you. To discover how each noun is coded, click on the noun and you will be taken to a description and explanation of the SAL set and subset code (and the corresponding mnemonic) which applies. By the time you have gone through these exercises, you will have covered the entire SAL taxonomy for nouns. Note, however, that these exercises do not cover so-called "process nouns" (noun deverbals). Process nouns, e.g, words like removal, consolidation, altercation, specialization, are derived from verbs and are convertible to verbs, and for this reason are automatically assigned the codes of their corresponding verbs. Process nouns then are not part of the open class. If you're just starting and are as yet unfamiliar with the basic Superset/set/subset structure of the SAL taxonomy for nouns, or with the SAL taxonomy in general, see :ref:`basic-concepts-regarding-sal`. .. _exercise-1a: Exercise A - Concrete Noun Superset ----------------------------------- To do this exercise, in the white box enter the mnemonic code for each of the nouns. Those mnemonic codes can be found by clicking on the noun. You will be taken to the section in the tutorial describing the noun in question and its correct SAL mnemonic code. Click here for :ref:`exercise-1a-answers`. .. raw:: html
pencil  
ambulance  
pulmonary artery  
flashlight  
sedative  
candy bar  
quark  
cellular phone  
sound baffle  
orange  
pacemaker  
screen door  
hip bone  
digital watch  
dead-bolt lock  
redwood  
laser beam  
stratus cloud  
shelf  
software application  

.. _exercise-1b: Exercise B - Information Noun Superset --------------------------------------- Click here for :ref:`exercise-1b-answers`. .. raw:: html
drama  
dictionary  
microfiche  
syndrome  
users' manual  
operetta  
linguistics  
circumflex accent  
best seller  
work order  
URL  
additional information  
video cassette  
lecture  
CD ROM  
non-disclosure agreement  
chess  
newspaper  
by-laws  
photo album  

.. _exercise-1c: Exercise C - Place Noun Superset --------------------------------------- Click here for :ref:`exercise-1c-answers`. .. raw:: html
trajectory  
post office  
airport  
Mt. Fuji  
Quebec  
village  
township  
drugstore  
museum  
pantry  
locale  
South America  
Tokyo  
neighborhood  
Suez Canal  
corridor  

.. _exercise-1d: Exercise D - Abstract Noun Superset --------------------------------------- Click here for :ref:`exercise-1d-answers`. .. raw:: html
profile  
basis  
vintage  
objective  
technique  
danger  
catastrophe  
double click  
category  
idea  
poverty  
persistence  
holiday  
snow removal  
efficiency  
tenacity  

.. _exercise-1e: Exercise E - Mass Noun Superset --------------------------------------- Click here for :ref:`exercise-1e-answers`. .. raw:: html
grass  
glass  
meat  
electricity  
water  
glassware  
electronic equipment  
chlorophyll  
petty cash  
fog  
sand  
hair  
iodine  
rust  
ceramic tile  
lambswool  

.. _exercise-1f: Exercise F - Animate Noun Superset --------------------------------------- Click here for :ref:`exercise-1f-answers`. .. raw:: html
physician  
Dubliner  
menagerie  
lamb  
committee  
Spanish  
robin  
labor union  
Supreme Court  
Socrates  
chicken  
IBM  
germ  
President Lincoln  
angel  
salmon  

.. _exercise-1g: Exercise G - Measure Noun Superset --------------------------------------- Click here for :ref:`exercise-1g-answers`. .. raw:: html
hour  
ohm  
horsepower  
degree  
liter  
temperature  
mile  
multiple  
Eurodollar  
BTU  
gold standard  
velocity  
ton  
quorum  
mph  
acre  

.. _exercise-1h: Exercise H - Time Noun Superset --------------------------------------- Click here for :ref:`exercise-1g-answers`. .. raw:: html
twilight  
rush hour  
Mardi Gras  
summer solstice  
autumn  
tonight's  
(the) day after tomorrow  
Jurassic Period  
Sunday  
epoch  
(the) Nineties  
today's  
March  
fiscal year  
closing time  
lunchbreak  

.. _exercise-1i: Exercise I - Aspective Noun Superset --------------------------------------- Click here for :ref:`exercise-1i-answers`. .. raw:: html
row  
slot  
flap  
millions  
set  
section  
seat  
brim  
facet  
tab  
fleet  
series  
version  
interface  
slice  
edge  

.. _exercise-1j: Exercise J - Verbal and Process Nouns --------------------------------------- Click here for :ref:`exercise-1j-answers`. .. raw:: html
retrofit  
persistence  
transformation  
distribution  
military buildup  
interpretation  
exile  
food distribution  
separation  
change  
service  
distribution process  
data display  
merger  
water storage  
flair  

Answer Keys ----------- .. _exercise-1a-answers: Answer Key to Exercise A - Concrete Noun Superset ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Back to :ref:`exercise-1a`. .. csv-table:: :header: "Word", "Mnemonic", "Superset", "Set", "Subset", "Comment" :delim: | :widths: auto pencil | COtool | 3 | 34 | 720 | instrument (functional) sedative | COchem | 3 | 35 | 702 | chemical agent (non-mass) sound baffle | CObarr | 3 | 34 | 525 | barrier (functional) hip bone | COstruc | 3 | 34 | 612 | structural thing (parts of the body are coded acc. to function) laser beam | COlight | 3 | 37 | 37 | impulses/lights ambulance | COvehic | 3 | 35 | 611 | vehicle (agentive) candy bar | COednm | 3 | 18 | 18 | edible food (non-mass) orange | COedcol | 3 | 18 | 855 | edible food + color (remote agentive) digital watch | COmeter | 3 | 35 | 716 | meter (agentive) stratus cloud | COamor | 3 | 33 | 33 | amorphous thing pulmonary artery | COcond | 3 | 34 | 745 | conduit (parts of the body are coded acc. to function) quark | COatom | 3 | 19 | 19 | atomistic pacemaker | COmach | 3 | 35 | 750 | machine/system (agentive) dead-bolt lock | COfast | 3 | 34 | 721 | fastener (functional) shelf | COsurf | 3 | 34 | 722 | bearing surface (functional) flashlight | COlight | 3 | 37 | 37 | lights/impulses cellular phone | COcomm | 3 | 35 | 708 | communication agent screen door | CObarr | 3 | 34 | 525 | threshhold/barrier (functional) redwood | COtrwd | 3 | 32 | 855 | concrete (tree) + mass (wood) remote agentive software application | COsoft | 3 | 35 | 300 | software (agentive) .. _exercise-1b-answers: Answer Key to Exercise B - Information Noun Superset ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Back to :ref:`exercise-1b`. .. csv-table:: :header: "Word", "Mnemonic", "Superset", "Set", "Subset", "Comment" :delim: | :widths: auto drama | INarts | 12 | 78 | 225 | the arts users' manual | INinst | 12 | 74 | 74 | instructional data best seller | INdata | 12 | 76 | 76 | recorded data video cassette | INstor | 12 | 77 | 77 | medium for storing data chess | INgame | 12 | 74 | 224 | games played acc. to rules (subset of instructional/legal) dictionary | INdata | 12 | 76 | 76 | recorded data operetta | INevent | 12 | 76 | 223 | scripted event work order | INinst | 12 | 74 | 74 | instructional data lecture | INevent | 12 | 76 | 223 | scripted event newspaper | INdata | 12 | 76 | 76 | recorded data microfiche | INstor | 12 | 77 | 77 | medium for storing data linguistics | INknow | 12 | 78 | 78 | field of knowledge URL | INsymb | 12 | 75 | 75 | symbolic data CD-rom | INstor | 12 | 77 | 77 | medium for storing data by-laws | INinst | 12 | 74 | 74 | instructional/legal syndrome | INevid | 12 | 96 | 96 | evidence/symptoms circumflex accent | INsymb | 12 | 75 | 75 | symbolic data additional information | INundif | 12 | 79 | 79 | undifferentiated information non-disclosure agreement | INinst | 12 | 74 | 74 | instructional/legal photo album | INdata | 12 | 76 | 76 | photos/pictures = recorded data .. _exercise-1c-answers: Answer Key to Exercise C - Place Noun Superset ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Back to :ref:`exercise-1c`. .. csv-table:: :header: "Word", "Mnemonic", "Superset", "Set", "Subset", "Comment" :delim: | :widths: auto trajectory | PLpath | 9 | 55 | 55 | path-type place Quebec | PLcoun | 9 | 94 | 230 | **proper** names of countries/states/provinces :red:`(agentive)` museum | PLagfunc | 9 | 26 | 228 | functional location :red:`(agentive)` Tokyo | PLcity | 9 | 94 | 226 | **proper** names of cities :red:`(agentive)` post office | PLagfunc | 9 | 26 | 228 | functional location :red:`(agentive)` village | PLagcom | 9 | 94 | 236 | **common**-noun geographical entity :red:`(agentive)` pantry | PLencl | 9 | 27 | 27 | enclosed space neighborhood | PLnagcom | 9 | 29 | 29 | **common**-noun geographical location :red:`(non-agentive)` airport | PLagfunc | 9 | 26 | 228 | functional location :red:`(agentive)` township | PLagcom | 9 | 94 | 236 | **common**-noun geog. entities :red:`(agentive)` locale | PLundif | 9 | 57 | 57 | undifferentiated place Suez Canal | PLwater | 9 | 56 | 229 | **proper** names of bodies of water :red:`(non-agentive)` Mt. Fuji | PLothprop | 9 | 56 | 238 | **proper** names of other geog. entities :red:`(non-agentive)` drugstore | PLfunc | 9 | 26 | 26 | functional location :red:`(non-agentive)` South America | PLcont | 9 | 56 | 227 | **proper** names of the continents :red:`(non-agentive)` corridor | PLpath | 9 | 55 | 55 | path-type place \* The bold facing in the comment column above is designed to call attention to the two critical aspects of Place Noun coding, namely, Proper versus Common nouns, and Agentive versus non-Agentive Place Nouns. .. _exercise-1d-answers: Answer Key to Exercise D - Abstract Noun Superset ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Back to :ref:`exercise-1d`. .. csv-table:: :header: "Word", "Mnemonic", "Superset", "Set", "Subset", "Comment" :delim: | :widths: auto profile | ABprop | 6 | 40 | 609 | intrinsic properties/qualities/nature of a person or thing technique | ABmeth | 6 | 41 | 733 | method/process/procedure ("of v'ing") category | ABclass | 6 | 40 | 731 | classification holiday | ABtime | 6 | 41 | 732 | time event basis | ABcause | 6 | 41 | 602 | cause/potential/disposition ("for v'ing") danger | ABnegc | 6 | 41 | 764 | negative cause idea | ABgen | 6 | 42 | 42 | general abstract concept snow removal | ABstrvb | 6 | 41 | 749 | strong verbal vintage | ABclass | 6 | 40 | 731 | classification catastrophe | ABcont | 6 | 41 | 765 | contrary event ("make provision for" = "take precaution against") poverty | ABstate | 6 | 40 | 736 | states/conditions/relationships efficiency | ABqual | 6 | 41 | 655 | quality of action/agent ("in v'ing") objective | ABpur | 6 | 40 | 748 | purpose ("in v'ing/for v'ing/to verb") double click | ABstrvb | 6 | 41 | 749 | strong verbal persistence | ABcause | 6 | 41 | 602 | cause/potential/disposition tenacity | ABqual | 6 | 41 | 655 | quality of action/agent ("in v'ing") .. _exercise-1e-answers: Answer Key to Exercise E - Mass Noun Superset ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Back to :ref:`exercise-1e`. .. csv-table:: :header: "Word", "Mnemonic", "Superset", "Set", "Subset", "Comment" :delim: | :widths: auto grass | MAvege | 11 | 60 | 60 | vegetative mass water | MAliqu | 11 | 45 | 45 | liquid mass petty cash | MAfina | 11 | 97 | 97 | financial mass iodine | MAchem | 11 | 83 | 83 | chemical agent (mass) glass | MAraw | 11 | 38 | 38 | raw materials/metals glassware | MAfunc | 11 | 49 | 49 | functional mass fog | MAgas | 11 | 50 | 50 | gases rust | MAwaste | 11 | 98 | 98 | wastes meat | MAedib | 11 | 43 | 43 | edible mass electronic equipment | MAgear | 11 | 49 | 324 | mass nouns ending in -gear/equipment sand | MAmine | 11 | 84 | 84 | minerals/solids ceramic tile | MAfunc | 11 | 49 | 49 | functional mass electricity | MAener | 11 | 23 | 23 | energy-type mass noun chlorophyll | MAcomp | 11 | 52 | 52 | chemical compounds hair | MAanim | 11 | 82 | 82 | animate mass lambswool | MAraw | 11 | 38 | 38 | raw materials/metals .. _exercise-1f-answers: Answer Key to Exercise F - Animate Noun Superset ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Back to :ref:`exercise-1f`. .. csv-table:: :header: "Word", "Mnemonic", "Superset", "Set", "Subset", "Comment" :delim: | :widths: auto physician | ANdes | 5 | 91 | 91 | human profession/designation committee | ANcoll | 5 | 94 | 94 | human collective Supreme Court | ANorg | 5 | 94 | 193 | organization (proper name) germ | ANmicro | 5 | 51 | 121 | micro-organisms Dubliner | ANplace | 5 | 91 | 205 | people described in terms of place Spanish | ANlang | 5 | 91 | 206 | people described in terms of language Socrates | ANname | 5 | 91 | 207 | human proper names President Lincoln | ANtitle | 5 | 91 | 807 | proper titles of human beings menagerie | ANaggr | 5 | 51 | 208 | non-human aggregate robin | ANfowl | 5 | 51 | 125 | fowl chicken | ANfowlfd | 5 | 51 | 855 | fowl/food = animate + mass (remote mass) angel | ANother | 5 | 51 | 213 | other animate designations lamb | ANmammfd | 5 | 51 | 855 | mammal/ food = animate + mass (remote mass) labor union | ANcoll | 5 | 94 | 94 | human collective IBM | ANorg | 5 | 94 | 193 | organization (proper name) salmon | ANfish | 5 | 51 | 124 | fish .. _exercise-1g-answers: Answer Key to Exercise G - Measure Noun Superset ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Back to :ref:`exercise-1g`. .. csv-table:: :header: "Word", "Mnemonic", "Superset", "Set", "Subset", "Comment" :delim: | :widths: auto hour | MEdur | 8 | 61 | 166 | unit of duration liter | MEvol | 8 | 61 | 163 | unit of volume measure Eurodollar | MEvalue | 8 | 61 | 168 | unit of money/value ton | MEwt | 8 | 61 | 161 | unit of weight ohm | MEspec | 8 | 61 | 167 | specialized units of measure temperature | MEabs | 8 | 46 | 46 | abstract concepts measured by unit BTU | MEtemp | 8 | 61 | 164 | unit of temperature quorum | MEdis | 8 | 95 | 95 | discrete measurable concepts horsepower | MEener | 8 | 61 | 165 | unit of energy/force mile | MElin | 8 | 61 | 170 | unit of linear/area measure gold standard | MEsys | 8 | 61 | 234 | measurement systems MPH | MEvel | 8 | 61 | 162 | unit of velocity degree | MEundif | 8 | 61 | 169 | undifferentiated measure multiple | MEdis | 8 | 95 | 95 | discrete measurable concepts velocity | MEabs | 8 | 46 | 46 | abstract concepts measured by unit acre | MElin | 8 | 61 | 170 | unit of linear/area measure .. _exercise-1h-answers: Answer Key to Exercise H - Time Noun Superset ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Back to :ref:`exercise-1h`. .. csv-table:: :header: "Word", "Mnemonic", "Superset", "Set", "Subset", "Comment" :delim: | :widths: auto twilight | TIper | 10 | 10 | 174 | periods of the day autumn | TIsea | 10 | 10 | 173 | seasons of the year Sunday | TIday | 10 | 10 | 171 | days of the week March | TImon | 10 | 10 | 172 | months of the year rush hour | TIper | 10 | 10 | 174 | periods of the day tonight's | TIadv | 10 | 10 | 176 | adverbs that become nouns when used possessively epoch | TIundif | 10 | 30 | 30 | undifferentiated time fiscal year | TIundif | 10 | 30 | 30 | undifferentiated time Mardi Gras | TIsea | 10 | 10 | 173 | seasons of the year (the) day after tomorrow | TIday | 10 | 10 | 171 | days of the week (the) Nineties | TIundif | 10 | 30 | 30 | undifferentiated time closing time | TIper | 10 | 10 | 174 | periods of the day summer solstice | TIsea | 10 | 10 | 173 | seasons of the year Jurassic Period | TIundif | 10 | 30 | 30 | undifferentiated time today's | TIadv | 10 | 10 | 176 | adverbs that become nouns when used possessively lunchbreak | TIper | 10 | 10 | 174 | periods of the day .. _exercise-1i-answers: Answer Key to Exercise I - Aspective Noun Superset ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Back to :ref:`exercise-1i`. .. csv-table:: :header: "Word", "Mnemonic", "Superset", "Set", "Subset", "Comment" :delim: | :widths: auto row | ASconf | 2 | 28 | 28 | configurations/order set | ASaggr | 2 | 92 | 92 | aggregates facet | ASsurf | 2 | 21 | 21 | aspective bearing surfaces version | AScopy | 2 | 31 | 31 | model/copy slot | ASrecp | 2 | 36 | 36 | aspective receptacles (in + NP) section | ASpart | 2 | 24 | 24 | members/portions/parts tab | ASfunc | 2 | 58 | 58 | aspective functionals interface | AScond | 2 | 22 | 22 | aspective conduits flap | ASfunc | 2 | 58 | 58 | aspective functionals seat | ASsurf | 2 | 21 | 21 | aspective bearing surfaces fleet | ASaggr | 2 | 92 | 92 | aggregates slice | ASpart | 2 | 24 | 24 | members/portions/parts millions | ASnum | 2 | 92 | 101 | numeric groupings brim | ASbarr | 2 | 25 | 25 | aspective thresholds/focal points/ barriers/limits series | ASconf | 2 | 28 | 28 | configurations/order edge | ASbarr | 2 | 25 | 25 | aspective thresholds/focal points/ barriers/limits .. _exercise-1j-answers: Answer Key to Exercise J - Verbal and Process Nouns ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Back to :ref:`exercise-1j`. .. csv-table:: :header: "Word", "Mnemonic", "Superset", "Set", "Subset", "Comment" :delim: | :widths: auto retrofit | ABstrvb | 6 | 41 | 749 | strong verbal military buildup | ABstrvb | 6 | 41 | 749 | strong verbal separation | PNtr | 7 | xx | xxx | upon separation of X = upon separating X data display | ABstrvb | 6 | 41 | 749 | strong verbal persistence | ABcause | 6 | 41 | 602 | cause/potential/disposition interpretation | PNtr | 7 | xx | xxx | give an interpretation = to interpret change | PNtr | 7 | x | xx | to make a change = to change merger | ABwith | 6 | 59 | 749 | strong verbal w/ prep governance: "with" transformation | PNtr | 7 | xx | xxx | for transformation of x into y = to transform x into y / upon transformation of x into y = on transforming x into y exile | ABfrom | 6 | 26 | 749 | strong verbal w/ prep governance: "from" service | ABto | 6 | 46 | 749 | strong verbal w/ prep governance: "to" water storage | ABstrvb | 6 | 41 | 749 | strong verbal distribution | PNtr | 7 | xx | xx | upon distribution of goods = upon distributing goods food distribution | ABto | 6 | 57 | 749 | strong verbal w/ prep governance: "to" distribution process | ABverb | 6 | 41 | 41 | undifferentiated verbal abstract: re processes, behavior, etc. flair | ABfor | 6 | 46 | 749 | strong verbal w/ prep governance: "for"